What does "maintenance" refer to in the context of landscaping?

In the context of landscaping, "maintenance" specifically refers to the practices required to keep a landscape healthy and attractive. This encompasses a wide range of activities such as watering, pruning, fertilizing, mulching, pest control, and the removal of debris. Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure that plants thrive, landscapes remain visually appealing, and the ecosystem functions effectively.

The other choices illustrate different aspects of landscaping that do not fall under maintenance. Planting new species pertains to installation and expansion of a landscape, while designing new landscape features refers to the creative aspect of landscaping that involves planning and aesthetics. The initial installation of plants and structures is the first step in establishing a landscape, but it is distinct from the ongoing efforts necessary to maintain that landscape over time. Therefore, maintenance is integral for long-term landscape health and beauty, making it the correct answer.