What is the primary purpose of using mulch in landscaping?

Using mulch in landscaping primarily serves the important function of retaining soil moisture. When applied to the surface of the soil, mulch acts as a barrier that reduces evaporation by shielding the soil from direct sunlight and wind. This moisture retention is crucial in maintaining the health of plants, especially during dry periods or in regions with hot weather. Additionally, maintaining consistent soil moisture supports root development and helps prevent stress on plants that can arise from fluctuating water levels.

While enhancing aesthetic appeal certainly plays a role in the use of mulch—by providing color contrast and texture—it is secondary to its function of moisture retention. The ability of mulch to suppress weeds can also contribute to better soil moisture availability for plants, as fewer weeds mean less competition for water. Although mulch can contribute organic matter to the soil over time, which provides nutrients, its primary purpose lies in water conservation.